# Dihedral Restraints

##### Table of contents
1. 1. Notes

Version as of 07:12, 2 Dec 2021

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In GROMACS version 3.3.1, the atomic specification of dihedral restraints is part of the topology file and force constants, etc. are specified in the .mdp file.

So, assuming that you have atoms numbered like this in your `peptide.itp`

```C' (n-1) = 5
N  (n)   = 7
CA (n)   = 9
C' (n)   = 15
N  (n+1) = 17
```

Then you would use a section like this in your .top file, where 180 is replaced by the actual dihedral value (in degrees) to which you want to restrain the atoms.

```#include "peptide.itp"
[ dihedral_restraints ]
; ai   aj    ak    al  type  label  phi  dphi  kfac  power
; phi C'(n-1) - N - CA - C'
5    7     9    15     1      1  180     0     1      2
; psi N - CA - C' - N(n+1)
7    9    15    17     1      1  180     0     1      2

#include "tip3p.itp"
;etc...
```

Make sure that the `dihedral_restraints` section comes immediately after the inclusion of the protein topology (.itp file). If you have the protein topology directly in your .top file then just insert `dihedral_restraints` after the protein listing but before any mention of things that are not that protein molecule.

The final step is to add this to your .mdp file

```;dihedral restraints
dihre               =  simple
dihre_fc            =  100     ; or whatever value you desire
dihre_tau           =  0.0
nstdihreout         =  50
```

More information about these options are available in the GROMACS Manual.

## Notes

1. The dihedral restraints either work differently in version 3.3 or they are broken, Use GROMACS version 3.3.1 (Mobley, Chodera and Dill, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 084902 (2006), page 084902-6, section III D.)

2. The manual is a bit unclear about whether this type of dihedral restraint is stable for use near 180 degrees. Chris Neale has found that everything appears to behave normally and as expected over the entire range of dihedral angles including 180 degrees. However, one must avoid the situation in which the actual dihedral is close to 180deg away from the restrained dihedral.

2b. Not everybody agrees with part 2 (above). See for instance http://www.gromacs.org/pipermail/gmx-users/2006-December/025089.html Therefore the user is asked to please do some tests to draw your own conclusions.

3. Take special care of units. Quoting GROMACS Manual version 3.3 page 58 "Note that in the input in topology files, angles are given in degrees and force constants in $kJ\,mol^{-1} rad^{-2}$."

Page last modified 11:15, 21 Mar 2009 by rossen